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The same figures as above represented here as a single curve in three (normalized cone response) dimensions

For example, medium cones cannot be activated completely on their own if they were, we would see a 'hyper-green' color. Impossible colors are a combination of cone responses that cannot be naturally produced. The light spectrum is a line on which violet is one end and the other is red, and yet we see hues of purple that connect those two colors. Violet-red colors include hues and shades of magenta. Navy is obtained from mixing blue and black.

Brown may be obtain from mixing orange with gray or black. Pink is obtained from mixing red and white. Shades include colors such as pink or brown. Rods contain rhodopsin, which reacts to light intensity, providing grayscale coloring. Grayscale colors include white, gray, and black. These include grayscale colors, shades of colors obtained by mixing grayscale colors with spectral colors, violet-red colors, impossible colors, and metallic colors. There are a variety of colors in addition to spectral colors and their hues. In humans, white light can be perceived by combining wavelengths such as red, green, and blue, or just a pair of complementary colors such as blue and yellow. The perception of 'white' is formed by the entire spectrum of visible light, or by mixing colors of just a few wavelengths in animals with few types of color receptors. The shift in color perception from dim light to daylight gives rise to differences known as the Purkinje effect. Between these regions, mesopic vision comes into play and both rods and cones provide signals to the retinal ganglion cells. Cones are sensitive to a range of wavelengths, but are most sensitive to wavelengths near 555В nm. In brighter light, such as daylight, vision is photopic: light is detected by cone cells which are responsible for color vision. Rods are maximally sensitive to wavelengths near 500В nm and play little, if any, role in color vision. In very low light levels, vision is scotopic: light is detected by rod cells of the retina. Although the human eye can distinguish up to a few hundred hues, when those pure spectral colors are mixed together or diluted with white light, the number of distinguishable chromaticities can be quite high. Sufficient differences in wavelength cause a difference in the perceived hue the just-noticeable difference in wavelength varies from about 1 nm in the blue-green and yellow wavelengths to 10В nm and more in the longer red and shorter blue wavelengths. Humans cannot generally see these wavelengths, but other animals may. Wavelengths longer or shorter than this range are called infrared or ultraviolet, respectively. These spectral colors do not refer to a single wavelength, but rather to a set of wavelengths: red, 625вЂ“740В nm orange, 590вЂ“625В nm yellow, 565вЂ“590В nm green, 500вЂ“565В nm cyan, 485вЂ“500В nm blue, 450вЂ“485В nm violet, 380вЂ“450В nm. Spectral colors (colors that are produced by a narrow band of wavelengths) such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet can be found in this range.

The visible light spectrum ranges from about 380 to 740 nanometers. Photopic relative brightness sensitivity of the human visual system as a function of wavelength ( luminosity function) In primates, color vision may have evolved under selective pressure for a variety of visual tasks including the foraging for nutritious young leaves, ripe fruit, and flowers, as well as detecting predator camouflage and emotional states in other primates. Color vision is found in many animals and is mediated by similar underlying mechanisms with common types of biological molecules and a complex history of evolution in different animal taxa. Those photoreceptors then emit outputs that are propagated through many layers of neurons and then ultimately to the brain. Color perception is a part of the larger visual system and is mediated by a complex process between neurons that begins with differential stimulation of different types of photoreceptors by light entering the eye. Colorless, green, and red photographic filters as imaged by cameraД¬olor vision, a feature of visual perception, is an ability to perceive differences between light composed of different wavelengths (i.e., different spectral power distributions) independently of light intensity.

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